Glaciers

About Snow and Ice

• All about snow crystals.
• NOAA -- Arctic Theme Page. Details on the Arctic Oscillation, global pollution, northern lights, Alaskan archaeology and wildlife.
• Snow -- needles, columns, plates and dendritic crystals. Watch the white stuff fly on the web. Electron microscopy of snow and ice in this page from the USDA.
• The Snow and Avalanche Center.
• The Avalanche Organization.
• National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).

General Glacial Information

• Rice University. A good place to start for general glacier questions.
• USGS common questions and myths about glaciers.
• University of Colorado. Great general information about glaciers.
• Arctic Circle has original content on recent history in the area from the interaction of explorers and native response to proposed oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
• Pictures from the American Geographical Society collection dating back to the 1880s - used to document climate change and animations of sea ice changes at the poles.
• The rapid breakup of Larsen B Ice Shelf, March 2002 and links to animations, maps and satellite imagery as well as worldwide media coverage of the event from NSIDC.
• Icebergs Home Page from NSIDC.
• The Northernmost live cam on Earth at 79 degrees north in Spitsbergen. Remember no photos during Arctic night!
• Peter Knight's glacier site. Read all about it from the "guy who wrote the book."
• A University of Cincinnati glacier class page full of interesting pictures and links.

Links to Sites around the World

North American Glaciers

• Links to sites about Illinois including Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois State Museum, Glacial Park, Mc Henry and other interesting sites. Research by Ellin Beltz.
• Links to sites about Emmons Glacier, Mt. Rainier, Alaska. Research by Scott Frindell.
• Links to sites about Exit Glacier and Alaska. Research by Jennifer Taylor.
• Links to sites about Malaspina Glacier and Alaska. Research by Nabil Kanja.

Glaciers outside North America

• Links to sites about Peru. Research by Margarita Ianeva.
• Links to sites about Antarctica. Research by Kevin Goldman.
• Links to sites about Svalbard, Norway. Research by Michaelene Cutro.
• Links to sites about Baltoro Glacier, Pakistan. Research by Erin Jones.
• Links to sites about Mount Everest. Research by Aaron Turner.
• Links to sites about African glaciers. Research by Shawn Jackson and Ellin Beltz.
• Links to sites about volcanos with glaciers on top. Research by 100-level students and Ellin Beltz.

Links to sites about Peru.

• Satellite Image Atlas glaciers of the world.
• Andrew George Klein Publications. Assistant Professor -- Geography Department --Texas A & M University.
• University of Michigan A boulder at the western margin of the Quelccaya Ice Cap in the tropical Andes of Peru in 1978. If the warming persists, the ice cap could be in danger of being lost.
• Glacial snow disappearing in the Andes.
• As glaciers melt, talks on warming face chill.
• USGS The estimated total ice-covered area within Perú is about 2,600 square kilometers.
• USGS The glacierization of the cordilleras in Perú is directly related to the physical geography of the Andes, the elevation of the mountains, and the precipitation pattern.
• USGS The Cordillera Blanca is the most extensive tropical ice-covered mountain range in the world and has the major ice concentration in Perú.
• USGS 296 km2 covered by glaciers.
• USGS The Quelccaya ice cap is situated in the Cordillera de Vilcanota in the eastern branch (Cordillera Oriental) of the Peruvian Andes.
• USGS In Perú, mass-balance measurements were begun in the Cordillera Blanca in 1966 by this author on the Pucahirca Glacier.
• USGS Since 1702, more than 22 catastrophic events have resulted from ice avalanches that have caused outburst floods from glacier lakes.
• USGS Good quality, cloud-free Landsat imagery is available for many of the glacierized areas of Peru.
• USGS References cited on the USGS pages about Peru.

Links to sites about Antarctica.

• Antarctic Expedition Exhibition. American Museum of Natural History.
• NASA Antarctica Site. Radar mapping, photos and information about the icy continent.
• Secrets of the Ice. Explore Antarctica without leaving home.
• Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory. "Cool pictures of a convecting lava lake that lies within the crater at the top of Mt. Erebus. Weird and really neat-looking! I discovered TEA opportunities. (Teachers Experiencing Antarctica or the Arctic.)" from Karen, ESCI-123.
• South Pole News.
• Virtual Tour of McMurdo Station, Antarctica.
• Brent D. Stuntzner's photo album of Antarctica.
• Satellite photo of Antarctica and map of the Dry Valleys region in Antarctica.
• Congressman Peter DeFazio's Antarctic journal.
• Douglas Quinn's Journal good stories, many pictures!.
• Satellite image maps list from USGS.
• ABC News research in Taylor Valley.
• Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) in the McMurdo Dry Valleys.
• Antarctica websites from about.com.
• Antarctic Journal. Reprints from the 1997 online issues September through December including: Diatoms in a South Pole ice core: Serious implications for the age of the Sirius Group.
• Coastal-change and glaciological maps of Antarctica from USGS.
• Scientific Visualization Studio. Excellent virtual site with pictures galore and quicktimes with a link to pictures and quicktimes for Antarctica.
• South Pole Station air photo.
• The Taylor Dome Ice Core Project.
• Dale Andersen's Antarctic Photo Album.
• Mars Polar Lander satellite photos of Taylor Glacier, Taylor Valley, Lake Bonney, Rhone Glacier and the McMurdo Dry Valleys.
• Daily journal of Penguin Pete the Polar Man from "Antarctic Adventures."
• World Glacier Inventory.
• Lake Hoare and Anderson Creek - Schoolyard LTER site from "Antarctic Adventures."
• Antarctica search engine called Matilda.

Links to sites about Svalbard, Norway.

• Svalbard geography.
• The Svalbard Guide.
• The Svalbard Pages.
• The Svalbard Pages picture gallery. This shows some pictures of glaciers in Svalbard, Norway that some expeditioners took while visiting the area. There is also some helpful info on names of the glaciers and where they are located.
• The Svalbard Pages FAQ. This site talks about what Svalbard means, what types of glaciers there are, the weather, the location, and travel to Svalbard.
• The Svalbard Pages Links. These sites contain factual info on Svalbard and its surrounding features. They were very helpful to me in my research of Svalbard, Norway. All of the websites contained information on glaciers and fjords. It covered facts from latitude to longitude, to temperature to surging, to crevasses and calving.

Links to sites about Baltoro Glacier, Pakistan.

• Great pictures and current information about Baltoro Glacier, climbing, mountaineering and trekking in Karakoram, the Himalayas and Hindukush region of Pakistan.
• Pictures of the Baltoro Glacier by photographer, Dan Bailey and links to other sites about mountains, climbing and glaciers.
• Maps of the Baltoro Glacier, Asia, Pakistan and the Karakoram Peaks.
• General information on the Baltoro Glacier and Karakoram Mountains, as well as an account of a climbing expedition.
• A wonderful picture of the Baltoro and Goodwin/Austen Glaciers.
• A list of the glaciers of Pakistan.

Links to sites about Mount Everest.

• Descriptions of Nepal/Everest expeditions including plans for 2001 season.
• Personal description of Everest experience. Great picture at top of page.
• Cambridge University site about Everest.
• Everest News.
• Chrome Horse Rants about climbing Everest.
• PBS NOVA - Climbing Everest.
• Fantastic fact and link page about Everest including travel information, U.S. Consul and much more.
• Live cams on world mountains including Everest, Etna, Mauna Loa and Half Dome. A must-see site, even if it is a slow load.

Links to sites about African glaciers.

• Africa Adventures. A virtual tour of Africa including Mount Kilimanjaro.
• Robinson Research site. Gives a brief description of Africa's physical features including dimensions of Mt. Kilimanjaro.
• Mountain Trekking on Mount Kenya.
• Peakware Mount Kenya page.
• Mount Kenya Weather Links to climbing and adventure in central Africa.
• Glacier fluctuations on Mount Kenya since ~6000 Years BP.
• Mount Kenya National Park
• UNESCO about Mt. Kilimanjaro.
• Kilimanjaro is a giant stratovolcano located at 3.07 S, 37.35 E
• About Kilimanjaro.
• Journal of Glaciology Glacier recession on Kilimanjaro.
• Climbing Kilimanjaro, Africa's tallest peak.
• GORP Scaling Mount Kilimanjaro.
• Carl's Kilimanjaro Page with photos.

Links to sites about volcanos with glaciers on top.

• Grimsvoten erupts under Vatnajokull Glacier -- Iceland -- September 29, 1996 to present.
  • Paper about monitoring eruption.
  • Volcano and glacier.
  • Volcano erupts under glacier.
  • Timeline of eruption events.
  • Subglacial eruption.
  • Volcano erupting.
  • Interprets ERS-SAR data.
  • Iceland's Internet Document.
  • Grimsvotn is the volcano under ice.
  • Pictures of Grimsvotn.
  • German remote sensing center keeps an eye on Icelandic volcanos.
  • PBS - Iceland.
  • "Go Iceland" organization.
• Other volcanic eruptions under glaciers
  • Beerenberg, Jan Mayen, North Atlantic.
  • Beerenberg, Jan Mayen, North Atlantic.
  • Ruapehu Crater Lake New Zealand.
  • Glacier Peak.
  • Antarctic volcanos and ice.
• Alaskan volcanos with ice on top
  • Maps of Cook Inlet
  • Enter this site and click on the volcano!

Links to sites about Emmons Glacier, Mt. Rainier, Alaska.

• 500 glacier links.
• Earth Science links.
• American Geological Institute.
• NSIDC All About Glaciers.
• American Park database.
• GeoData Information Sources.
• ColdLinks NSIDC hotlist.
• Earth Science Links.
• Pictures of Emmons Glacier.
• Topo map links.
• Geomans Earth science websites.
• Geomorphology links.
• USA Today Greenland ICE links.
• Pictures of Emmons Glacier.
• International Glaciological Society.
• Maps of Mt. Rainier area.
• Mount Rainier National Park
• Another Mount Rainier Park site.
• Mount Rainier Seismicity.
• Pictures air and ground photos of Rainier.
• Topozone Printable US topo maps.
• Glaciology links.
• World Glacier Monitoring Services.

Links to sites about Exit Glacier and Alaska.

• Exit Glacier, Alaska picture of margin.
• National Park Service Kenai Fjords National Park homepage.
• National Park Service Kenai Fjords National Park.
• Exit Glacier Equilibrium line altitude picture.
• Exit Glacier picture of terminus.
• Exit Glacier picture of the middle with crevasses.
• Alaska tour and travel website Kenai Fjords National Park.
• Kenai National Wildlife Refuge natural history.
• South Central Alaska regional map.
• Map of Alaska.
• Exit Glacier more pictures.

Links to sites about Malaspina Glacier and Alaska.

• ERS-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar image of Malaspina Glacier.
• NASA information on glaciers, including Malaspina glacier. Good sources.
• Alaska science forum. A very good scientific site about Alaska, including different articles, e.g. tropical fossils in Alaska close to Malaspina glacier.
• NSIDC education all about glaciers and pictures.
• X-SAR image of Malaspina glacier.
• Space shuttle image of Malaspina glacier.
• An Alaska travel report.
• Quick glacier facts.
• Pictures of Mt. St. Elias and Malaspina glacier.
• Physical features of Mt. St. Elias.
• Relief map and information about Saint Elias Range and Mt. St. Elias, with fact box and links.
• General information about Alaska, including lovely pictures and maps related to location of Gulf of Alaska, Icy Bay and other cities, that will give more clear idea of the location of Malaspina Glacier.
• Wrangell-St Elias National Park geology.
• USGS information about Alaska geology, water resources, biology, earthquakes, minerals, volcanoes and map list.